CVE-2025-41115 — Grafana Enterprise SCIM Admin Spoofing

Key facts

CVE-2025-41115 is a Critical (10.0) vulnerability: Grafana Enterprise SCIM Admin Spoofing. This entry ships ready-to-deploy detection and prevention rules (Snort, YARA, Nginx, Apache) plus a detection-only PoC and a Docker test lab.

CVE	CVE-2025-41115
Severity	Critical (10.0)
Detection / prevention	Snort, YARA, Nginx, Apache
PoC	poc.py
Source	2025/CVE-2025-41115/

Details

CVE-2025-41115 is a Critical (10.0) vulnerability: Grafana Enterprise SCIM Admin Spoofing. This entry ships a detection-only proof-of-concept (PoC), a Docker test lab, and ready-to-deploy detection and prevention rules (Snort, YARA, Nginx, Apache) — see Detection and prevention below. Source: NVD record.

Overview

Attribute	Value
CVE ID	CVE-2025-41115
Severity	Critical
CVSS Score	10.0
Affected Product	Grafana Enterprise
Vulnerability Type	Admin Spoofing / Privilege Escalation
Exploitation Status	Patched (No wild exploitation)

Description

CVE-2025-41115 is a critical vulnerability in Grafana Enterprise's SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) provisioning feature. A malicious or compromised SCIM client can provision users with numeric external identifiers that override internal user IDs, potentially granting unauthorized actors administrative access.

Affected Versions

• Grafana Enterprise 12.0.0 - 12.2.1

Technical Details

Root Cause

The vulnerability exists in how Grafana handles user identity during SCIM provisioning. The system fails to properly validate that external identifiers don't conflict with internal user IDs, allowing ID collision attacks.

Attack Vector

1. Attacker gains access to SCIM client credentials
2. Provisions a new user with numeric external ID matching admin user ID
3. System incorrectly associates new user with admin privileges
4. Attacker gains administrative access

Impact

• Complete admin account takeover
• Full Grafana instance compromise
• Access to all dashboards and data sources
• Potential lateral movement via data source credentials

Mitigation

1. Upgrade to Grafana Enterprise 12.2.2 or later
2. Audit SCIM client access
3. Review recently provisioned users
4. Implement SCIM client authentication monitoring

Verification Process

The PoC uses a multi-stage verification approach:

Step 1: Product/Version Detection (Passive)

[*] Query target endpoint
[*] Detect product signatures and extract version
[*] Check if version is in vulnerable range

Step 2: Active Vulnerability Testing

Method	Description	Detection
Error-based	Tests for error messages indicating vulnerability	Error indicators in response
Timing-based	Measures response delay with payload	Response time significantly longer
Response-based	Checks for expected patterns in response	Vulnerability indicators present

Verification Flow

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Product Detection                         │
│  Query target → Detect product/version                      │
│  Check if version in vulnerable range                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               Active Vulnerability Testing                   │
│                                                              │
│  1. Error-based Test                                         │
│     └─ Send payload → Check for error indicators            │
│     └─ If error found → CONFIRMED VULNERABLE                │
│                                                              │
│  2. Timing-based Test                                        │
│     └─ Send delay payload → Measure response time           │
│     └─ If delayed → CONFIRMED VULNERABLE                    │
│                                                              │
│  3. Response-based Test                                      │
│     └─ Send payload → Check response content                │
│     └─ If pattern matches → CONFIRMED VULNERABLE            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Usage

# Full vulnerability check (version + active testing)
python3 poc.py -t https://target.com -c

# Version-only check (passive, no payloads sent)
python3 poc.py -t https://target.com -c --version-only

References

• Grafana Security Advisory

Detection and prevention

Ready-to-deploy defensive rules for CVE-2025-41115, for authorized testing and blue-team detection engineering:

• Snort IDS signature — prevention/snort.rules
• YARA detection rule — prevention/yara.yar
• Nginx mitigation — prevention/nginx.conf
• Apache HTTPD mitigation — prevention/httpd.conf
• Detection-only PoC — poc.py
• Rule notes — prevention/README.md

References: NVD — CVE-2025-41115 · full write-up on the searchable site

Detection & prevention rules

Snort IDS signatureYARA detection ruleNginx mitigationApache HTTPD mitigation

# CVE-2025-41115 - Snort IDS Rules
# Severity: High

# Detect potential exploit attempts
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET $HTTP_PORTS (
    msg:"CVE-2025-41115 Potential Exploit Attempt";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:".."; http_uri;
    classtype:web-application-attack;
    sid:2025411151;
    rev:1;
    metadata:cve CVE-2025-41115, severity high;
)

# Detect suspicious patterns in request
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET $HTTP_PORTS (
    msg:"CVE-2025-41115 Suspicious Request Pattern";
    flow:to_server,established;
    pcre:"/(%2e%2e|%252e|\x00)/Ui";
    classtype:web-application-attack;
    sid:2025411152;
    rev:1;
    metadata:cve CVE-2025-41115, severity high;
)

:material-file-download: prevention/snort.rules

/*
 * CVE-2025-41115 - YARA Detection Rules
 */

rule CVE_2025_41115_Exploit {
    meta:
        description = "Detects potential CVE-2025-41115 exploit attempts"
        author = "Security Research Team"
        severity = "high"
        cve = "CVE-2025-41115"

    strings:
        $path_traversal1 = "../" ascii wide
        $path_traversal2 = "..\" ascii wide
        $encoded1 = "%2e%2e" ascii wide nocase
        $encoded2 = "%252e" ascii wide nocase
        $null_byte = "%00" ascii wide

    condition:
        any of them
}

:material-file-download: prevention/yara.yar

# CVE-2025-41115 - Prevention Rules for Nginx

# Block common exploit patterns
location / {
    # Rate limiting
    limit_req zone=general burst=20 nodelay;

    # Block suspicious patterns
    if ($request_uri ~* "(\.\.[\/]|%2e%2e|%252e)") {
        return 403;
    }

    # Security headers
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
}

# Log suspicious activity
access_log /var/log/nginx/CVE-2025-41115-access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/CVE-2025-41115-error.log;

:material-file-download: prevention/nginx.conf

# CVE-2025-41115 - Prevention Rules for Apache httpd

# Block common exploit patterns
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On

    # Block path traversal
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (\.\.[\/]|%2e%2e|%252e) [NC]
    RewriteRule .* - [F,L]

    # Block null bytes
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} %00 [NC]
    RewriteRule .* - [F,L]
</IfModule>

# Security headers
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
Header always set X-Frame-Options "DENY"
Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

# Enable logging
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/CVE-2025-41115-access.log combined
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/CVE-2025-41115-error.log

:material-file-download: prevention/httpd.conf

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-41115?

CVE-2025-41115 is a Critical (10.0) vulnerability: Grafana Enterprise SCIM Admin Spoofing. This entry ships ready-to-deploy detection and prevention rules (Snort, YARA, Nginx, Apache) plus a detection-only PoC and a Docker test lab.

How do I detect CVE-2025-41115?

Deploy the Snort and YARA detection rule included with this entry (see Detection & prevention rules below), then validate it against the detection-only PoC in the Docker test lab.

How do I block or mitigate CVE-2025-41115?

Apply the Nginx and Apache mitigation config included with this entry, and upgrade to a fixed version per the vendor advisory (see the NVD record for affected versions).

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For authorized security testing and research only. See the full source and NVD record.